ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Refbegin

ၽိုၼ်ၵႅမ်မိုဝ်း ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ[တူၺ်း] [ထတ်း] [ပိုၼ်း] [ၸၢင်း]

ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼႆႉ လႆႈၸႂ်ႉဝႆႉ တီႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ မွၵ်ႈ 215,000 ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ.
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ's /sandbox ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၽႄ /testcases , ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တီႈၼႂ်း ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၽႄ ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း။ The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. ဝူၼ်ႉသွၼ်ႇ ဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်း လွင်ႈလႅၵ်ႈလၢႆႈ တီႈၼႂ်း ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ တႃႇဢုပ်ႇ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈပႆႇ ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၶဝ်ၼၼ်ႉ။

ႁူဝ်ၼပ်ႉ လွင်ႈၶဝ်ႈပႃးၼႆႉ မၼ်းႁဵတ်းဢၢပ်ႉတဵတ်ႉဝႆႉႁင်းမၼ်း (တူၺ်းတီႈ ၽိုၼ်လိၵ်ႈ)။

This template uses TemplateStyles:

Template:Refbegin/styles.css

{{refbegin}} and its complementary closing template {{refend}} are used to apply any of several optional styles or presentational choices for bibliographies or reference lists—that is, lists of fully-specified references, sources, or works cited, sorted alphabetically by author or contributor—that appear in Wikipedia articles.

These bibliographies or reference lists frequently appear in dedicated sections within an article, variously titled == References ==, == Works cited ==, == Bibliography ==, == Further reading ==, == Published works ==, and so on.

Wikipedia referencing or citation systems that use bibliography-style reference lists include: 'shortened' footnotes and 'general' referencing.^[1] The 'full' footnote referencing system does not use those lists. Any articles may contain a "Further reading" section or other sections with bibliography-style listings, that {{refbegin}} formatting could be applied to.

The formatting options provided by this template are:

refbegin template options/parameters
Option	How to get it	Notes
default display	`{{refbegin}}`	no parameters needed, default fontsize is 90% of standard fontsize
display list in multiple columns	`{{refbegin\|30em}}`	where 30em determines the width of columns based on the browser's screen width. Can be any value generally (e.g. 20em, 50em, etc.).
apply hanging indent	`{{refbegin\|indent=yes}}`	will apply hanging indent if an individual reference wraps over more than one line in the browser's display window

Each use of {{refbegin}}, with or without parameters, needs an accompanying {{refend}} closing template to 'turn off' the formatting; {{refend}} does not take any parameters.

Font size reduction is applied by default. Multi-columns and hanging indent may be applied separately or combined.

Usage

This template is used only for references—it should not be used to create lists of text which are smaller, in columns, or which have other style data associated with them.^[2]

With all (optional) parameters shown:

== References ==
{{refbegin |30em |indent= }}
* list of bibliography/references entries..
...
{{refend}}

Placement

A {{refbegin}} is placed immediately below the header of the bibliography/references section its formatting will be applied to. The {{refend}} closing template is placed within the same section, at the end of the bibliography/references list content.

When used, each occurrence of {{refbegin}} should always be paired with the corresponding closing {{refend}}:

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* 1st entry in the bibliography/references list..
* 2nd entry in the bibliography/references list..
...
* last entry in the bibliography/references list..
{{refend}}

The formatting provided by {{refbegin}} is "turned on" at the location where the template is placed, and is applied to all text after and below it, until it is "turned off" by a closing {{refend}} template (which expands to </div>). Failing to provide a closing {{refend}} may produce unwanted effects in other sections that may appear below the 'References', 'Bibliography' etc. section, such as 'External links' sections that are usually placed at or near the article's end.

Option 1: Default behaviour

The default usage (without parameters) applies a style that reduces the text size of the bibliographies/reference list entries. This can be useful to make a long bibliography/list of references display more compactly, and it also mimics the formatting style applied to footnotes by the {{reflist}} template.

A {{reflist}} formats footnotes—any text in the article body that is placed between <ref> tags—that may be auto-generated by the cite.php extension. In the case of articles using the 'shortened' footnotes referencing system, these footnotes will typically contain an abbreviated citation such as <ref>Smith 2002, p.123</ref> that corresponds with an entry in the bibliography/references list section (other text such as discursive notes may appear as well).

The font size is set to 90% in the corresponding TemplateStyles page.

If the 'full' footnotes referencing system is used (i.e. there is no separate bibliography/references list, all cites/references are defined in <ref>...</ref> tags), then use {{reflist}} alone:

== References ==
{{reflist}}

If there is a bibliography/references list but no footnoted citations (e.g. in general references or parenthetical referencing systems) then use {{refbegin}} and {{refend}} like so:

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* general reference 1
* general reference 2
{{refend}}

If there are footnoted citations and a separate bibliography/references list (i.e., the WP:CITESHORT system), then place {{reflist}} to generate the footnotes in one section (immediately above the bibliography/references list), and use {{refbegin}} in the latter section:

== Notes ==
{{reflist}} <!--this will auto-generate the numbered list of footnotes/cites -->

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* bibliography entry / reference 1
* bibliography entry / reference 2
* etc
{{refend}}

Option 2: Multiple columns

If a value with a unit is supplied as the first parameter, i.e. 30em, the template will display the bibliography/references list in columns with a minimum width of that value, allowing the browser to determine the optimal number of columns.^[3] Using {{refbegin|30em}} for instance is useful for short citations. If no parameter is specified, the default is a single column.

== References ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |author= Southworth, Jane |author2= Catherine Tucker |date= August 2001 |title= The Influence of Accessibility, Local Institutions, and Socioeconomic Factors on Forest Cover Change in the Mountains of Western Honduras |url= http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021%5B0276:TIOALI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |format= PDF reproduction, BioOne online |journal= Mountain Research and Development |location= Boulder, CO |publisher= International Mountain Society and United Nations University |volume= 21 |issue= 3 |pages= 276–283 |doi= 10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0276:TIOALI]2.0.CO;2
 |issn= 0276-4741 |oclc= 107067006}}
* {{cite journal |author= Tucker, Catherine M. |author2= Darla K. Munroe |author3=Harini Nagendra |author4=Jane Southworth |date= June 2005 |title= Comparative Spatial Analyses of Forest Conservation and Change in Honduras and Guatemala |url= http://www.clas.ufl.edu/lueci/southworth/pubs-as-pdf/cs-3-1_10_jtuckeretal.pdf |format= PDF online open access article distributed under Creative Commons |journal= Conservation and Society |location= New Delhi and London |publisher= SAGE Publications |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 174–200 |issn= 0972-4923|oclc= 210806013}}
{{refend}}

References

Southworth, Jane (August 2001). "The Influence of Accessibility, Local Institutions, and Socioeconomic Factors on Forest Cover Change in the Mountains of Western Honduras" (PDF reproduction, BioOne online). Mountain Research and Development 21 (3): 276–283. Boulder, CO: International Mountain Society and United Nations University. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0276:TIOALI]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0276-4741. OCLC 107067006.
Tucker, Catherine M. (June 2005). "Comparative Spatial Analyses of Forest Conservation and Change in Honduras and Guatemala" (PDF online open access article distributed under Creative Commons). Conservation and Society 3 (1): 174–200. New Delhi and London: SAGE Publications. ISSN 0972-4923. OCLC 210806013.

Option 3: Hanging indentation

A hanging indentation may be applied to bibliographies/reference lists by using the |indent= parameter. This option can be useful in long bibliographies/reference lists and in particular when individual entries in the list are long, i.e. they wrap over more than one line in the browser display window. Applying a hanging indent to the list makes it much easier to distinguish the keywords (i.e. normally the authors' names) in the bibliography and makes them stand out from preceding and succeeding lines of text. Hanging indents in bibliographies also form part of several widely used citation style implementations, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago.

To use, set {{refbegin|indent=yes}}.

Examples

Using {{refbegin}} with the hanging indent option `|indent=yes` applied

== References ==

{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor1=Carolyn MacKay |editor2=Verónica Vázquez |publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589 |language=es}}
* {{cite conference |author1=Flores Farfán |author2=José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |book-title= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor1=Barbara Jane Burnaby |editor2=John Allan Reyhner |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}}
* {{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |orig-date= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin |author3=Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |type= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}}
{{refend}}

ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Box

Using `|indent=` in combination with multi-column display, e.g. `{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}`

== References ==

{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor1=Carolyn MacKay |editor2=Verónica Vázquez |publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589 |language=es}}
* {{cite conference |author1=Flores Farfán |author2=José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |book-title= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor1=Barbara Jane Burnaby |editor2=John Allan Reyhner |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}}
* {{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |orig-date= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin |author3=Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |format= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}}
{{refend}}

ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Box

Notes

↑ Previously they were also used with inline parenthetical referencing.
↑ To place general content in columns, use Template:Div col.
↑ The template previously supported defining the quantity of columns rather than the maximum width of columns. For example, {{refbegin|2}} would have displayed the list in two columns. In 2023, this was deprecated. The template will treat an integer value greater than 1 in the first parameter as 30em, so {{refbegin|2}}, {{refbegin|4}}, and {{refbegin|30em}} all render the same as of October 2023. This is a fallback and may be removed in the future.

Template data

ၶေႃႈမုၼ်းၸိူဝ်းၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈၼႆႉ ပဵၼ် တူဝ်ထတ်းတႃႁၼ်(VisualEditor) ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃးၼၼ်ႉ ယိူင်းဢၢၼ်း တႃႇဢဝ် ၶိူင်ႈၸိူဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ၸႂ်ႉလႆႈတီႈ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃးတႆးသေ ၸင်ႇလႆႈဢဝ် ပိူင် ၶေႃႈမုၼ်းထႅမ်းပလဵၵ်ႉ (TemplateData) ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈၼၼ်ႉ ႁဵတ်းဝႆႉပဵၼ် တီႈမၢႆတီႈတွင်းယဝ်ႉ။ ႁူမ်ႈဝႃႈ ပႆႇၸႂ်ႉၶိူင်ႈၸိူဝ်းၼၼ်ႉသေတႃႉ ပေႃးပဵၼ် ၵူၼ်းႁူႉလွင်ႈတႅမ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇၵရႅမ်ႇ (computer programming) ဢိတ်းဢွတ်းၵေႃႈ ႁႂ်ႈပေႃးႁၼ်လႆႈၸႅင်ႈလႅင်းလီၼႆသေ ၸၢင်ႈဢဝ်ၸႂ်ႉလႆႈ သၽေႃးတီႈၵႅပ်ႈမၼ်းလႆႈယူႇ။

Refbegin

This template is used to start formatting for a reference list or bibliography.

Template parameters[ၸတ်းၵၢၼ် ၶေႃႈမုၼ်းထႅမ်းပလဵၵ်ႉ]
This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.
Parameter		ၶေႃႈသပ်းလႅင်း	Type	Status
Column width/count	`1` `colwidth`	Width for the reference list columns in units of em. For example: '30em'. If spaced as '30 em', it will not be recognized. Secondary mode (deprecated): integer number of fixed columns. Default 1 Example 32rem	Line	suggested
Hanging indentation	`indent`	When value is 'yes', uses hanging indentation rather than bulleted entries for the listed references Default no Example yes	Boolean	optional