မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ
(လုၵ်ႉတီး တၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ ၼႆႈသေ ၶိုၼ်းပိၼ်ႇဝၢႆႇမႃး)
တၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ Türkmenistan (Turkmen) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr "Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality"[1][2] | |||||
| Anthem: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni "National Anthem of Independent Neutral Turkmenistan" | |||||
.svg) ဢွင်ႈတီႈ မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ (red) | |||||
| Capital and largest city | Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E | ||||
| Official languages | Turkmen[3] | ||||
| Ethnic groups (2012)[4] | |||||
| Religion (2020)[5] |
| ||||
| Demonym(s) | TurkmenistaniTurkmenian | ||||
| Government | Unitary presidential republic under a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship[6] | ||||
| Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |||||
| Raşit Meredow | |||||
• Chairman of the People's Council | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow | ||||
| Dünýägözel Gulmanowa | |||||
| Legislature | Assembly | ||||
| Independence from the Soviet Union | |||||
• Conquest | 1879 | ||||
| 13 May 1925 | |||||
• Declared state sovereignty | 22 August 1990 | ||||
• From the Soviet Union | 27 October 1991 | ||||
• Recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||
| 18 May 1992 | |||||
| Area | |||||
• Total | [7] (52nd) | ||||
• Water (%) | 4.9 | ||||
| Population | |||||
• Census | 7,057,841 [8] | ||||
• Density | (221st) | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | ||||
• Total |  $126.132 billion[9] (93nd) | ||||
• Per capita | $19,938[9] (80th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | ||||
• Total | $81.822 billion[9] | ||||
• Per capita | $12,934[9] | ||||
| Gini (1998) | 40.8 medium inequality | ||||
| HDI (2021) | 0.745[10] high (91st) | ||||
| Currency | Manat (TMT) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC+05 (TMT) | ||||
| Drives on | Right | ||||
| Calling code | +993 | ||||
| Internet TLD | .tm | ||||
ဢၢင်ႈဢိင်
[မႄးထတ်း | မႄးထတ်းငဝ်ႈငႃႇ]- ↑ "Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan. En.hronikatm.com (28 December 2019).
- ↑ Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum. Turkmenpetroleum.com (29 December 2019).
- ↑ Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008.
- ↑ The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan.
- ↑ Turkmenistan (3 August 2022).
- ↑ * "Totalitarianism: The Case of Turkmenistan" (2007). Human Rights & Human Welfare (Human Rights in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics): 107–116. Denver: Josef Korbel School of International Studies.
- Williamson, Hugh (24 March 2022). The internet is crucial. “Turkmenistan stands out as a totalitarian state. It gives absolutely no scope to dissident opinions and independent media. The regime censors the internet heavily.”
- (March 2009) Dismantling totalitarianism?: Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow. Washington, D.C.: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. ISBN 9789185937172.
- "Turkmenistan: New president, old ideas"၊ Eurasianet၊ 15 March 2022။
- Nations in Transit: Turkemistan (2016).
- Turkmenistan at Twenty-Five: The High Price of Authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (30 January 2017).
- ↑ Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике : Информация о Туркменистане: О Туркменистане Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
- ↑ «Ilat ýazuwy — 2022»: Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy | Jemgyýet (August 2023).
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Turkmenistan). International Monetary Fund (10 October 2023).
- ↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022 (in en). United Nations Development Programme (8 September 2022).