မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ
မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ Türkmenistan (Turkmen) | |||||
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| ၶေႃႈၶၼ်ပၢၵ်ႇ: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr "Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality"[1][2] | |||||
| ၽဵင်းၸိူဝ်ႉၸၢတ်ႈ: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni "National Anthem of Independent Neutral Turkmenistan" | |||||
.svg) ဢွင်ႈတီႈ မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ (red) | |||||
| ဝဵင်းလူင် and largest city | Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E | ||||
| ၽႃႇသႃႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ်တၢင်းၵၢၼ် | Turkmen[3] | ||||
| ၸုမ်းၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်း (2012)[4] | |||||
| သႃႇသၼႃႇ (2020)[5] |
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| ၵူၼ်းၶိူဝ်းငဝ်ႈမိူင်း | Turkmenistani[6] Turkmen[7] | ||||
| လူင်ပွင်ၸိုင်ႈ | Unitary presidential republic under a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship[8][9] | ||||
| Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |||||
| Raşit Meredow | |||||
• Chairman of the People's Council | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow | ||||
| Dünýägözel Gulmanowa | |||||
| ၸုမ်းသၢင်ႈၵူတ်းမၢႆ | Assembly | ||||
| Establishment | |||||
| 13 May 1925 | |||||
• Declared independence from the Soviet Union | 22 August 1990 | ||||
• Recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||
| 18 May 1992 | |||||
| လႅၼ်တီႈ | |||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး | 491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)[10] (52nd) | ||||
• ၼမ်ႉ | 24,069 km2 (9,293 sq mi) | ||||
• ၼမ်ႉ (%) | 4.9 | ||||
| ႁူဝ်ၼပ်ႉၵူၼ်းမိူင်း | |||||
• 2022[11] census | 7,057,841 | ||||
• Density | 14.4/km2 (37.3/sq mi) (221st) | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး |  $126.132 billion[12] (93rd) | ||||
• Per capita | $19,938[12] (80th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး | $81.822 billion[12] | ||||
• Per capita | $12,934[12] | ||||
| Gini (1998) | 40.8 medium inequality | ||||
| HDI (2022) | 0.744[13] high (94th) | ||||
| ယူင်ႉငိုၼ်းတွင်း | Manat (TMT) | ||||
| ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်း | UTC+05 (TMT) | ||||
| ပိူင်ႁေႃႈလူတ်ႉ | Right | ||||
| ၶူတ်ႉႁွင်ႉၽူၼ်း | +993 | ||||
| ဢိၼ်ႇထႃႇၼႅတ်ႉ TLD | .tm | ||||
ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်
[မႄးထတ်း | မႄးထတ်းငဝ်ႈငႃႇ]- ↑ ""Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". En.hronikatm.com. 28 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ↑ "Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum". Turkmenpetroleum.com. 29 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ↑ "The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan". 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
- ↑ မီးလွင်ႈၽိတ်းပိူင်ႈ : Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedWorld Factbook - ↑ "Dual Citizenship". Ashgabat: U.S. Embassy in Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ↑ * "Totalitarianism: The Case of Turkmenistan" (2007). Human Rights & Human Welfare (Human Rights in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics): 107–116. Denver: Josef Korbel School of International Studies. * Williamson, Hugh (24 March 2022). "The internet is crucial". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
Turkmenistan stands out as a totalitarian state. It gives absolutely no scope to dissident opinions and independent media. The regime censors the internet heavily.
* (March 2009) Dismantling totalitarianism?: Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow. Washington, D.C.: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. ISBN 9789185937172. * "Turkmenistan: New president, old ideas". Eurasianet. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. * "Nations in Transit: Turkemistan". Freedom House. 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. * Stronski, Paul (30 January 2017). "Turkmenistan at Twenty-Five: The High Price of Authoritarianism" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. - ↑ မီးလွင်ႈၽိတ်းပိူင်ႈ : Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAP People's Council - ↑ "Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
- ↑ ""Ilat ýazuwy — 2022": Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy | Jemgyýet". August 2023.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Turkmenistan)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (in English). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.