မိူင်းဢႃႇၾၵၢၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၢၼ်ႇ
မိူင်းၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ ဢိတ်ႉသလမ်း ဢႃႇၾၵၢၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၢၼ်ႇ | |||||
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| ၶေႃႈၶၼ်ပၢၵ်ႇ: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh "There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." (Shahadah) | |||||
| ၽဵင်းၸိူဝ်ႉၸၢတ်ႈ: دا د باتورانو کور "Dā Də Bātorāno Kor" "This Is the Home of the Brave"[2] | |||||
.svg) _-_AFG_-_UNOCHA.svg) | |||||
| ဝဵင်းလူင် and largest city | Kabul 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°E[3] | ||||
| ၽႃႇသႃႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ်တၢင်းၵၢၼ် | |||||
| ၸုမ်းၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်း | |||||
| သႃႇသၼႃႇ (2015) | |||||
| ၵူၼ်းၶိူဝ်းငဝ်ႈမိူင်း | Afghan[မၢႆတွင်း 2][11][12] | ||||
| လူင်ပွင်ၸိုင်ႈ | Unitary totalitarian[13] provisional theocratic Islamic emirate[14] | ||||
| Hibatullah Akhundzada | |||||
| Hasan Akhund (acting) | |||||
| Abdul Hakim Haqqani | |||||
| ၸုမ်းသၢင်ႈၵူတ်းမၢႆ | None[မၢႆတွင်း 3] | ||||
| Formation | |||||
| 1709 | |||||
| 1747 | |||||
• Emirate | 1823 | ||||
| 27 May 1863 | |||||
| 19 August 1919 | |||||
• Kingdom | 9 June 1926 | ||||
• Republic | 17 July 1973 | ||||
| 27–28 April 1978 | |||||
| 28 April 1992 | |||||
| 27 September 1996 | |||||
| 26 January 2004 | |||||
| 15 August 2021 | |||||
| လႅၼ်တီႈ | |||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး | 652,867[19] km2 (252,073 sq mi) (40th) | ||||
• ၼမ်ႉ (%) | negligible | ||||
| ႁူဝ်ၼပ်ႉၵူၼ်းမိူင်း | |||||
• 2023 estimate |  41,128,771[20] (37th) | ||||
• Density | 48.08/km2 (124.5/sq mi) | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး | $81.007 billion[21] | ||||
• Per capita | $2,459 [21] (179th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈလေႃး | $20.136 billion[21] | ||||
• Per capita | $611[21] (190th) | ||||
| HDI (2022) |  0.462[22][23]low (182nd) | ||||
| ယူင်ႉငိုၼ်းတွင်း | Afghani (افغانى) (AFN) | ||||
| ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်း | UTC+4:30 Lunar Calendar[25] (Afghanistan Time) | ||||
| DST is not observed[24] | |||||
| ပိူင်ႁေႃႈလူတ်ႉ | Right | ||||
| ဢိၼ်ႇထႃႇၼႅတ်ႉ TLD | .af | ||||
![Coat of Arms of the Islamic Emirate[1]](/wiki/%E1%81%BE%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87:Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg)
မၢႆတွင်း
[မႄးထတ်း | မႄးထတ်းငဝ်ႈငႃႇ]- ↑ The last census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979, and was itself incomplete. Due to the ongoing conflict in the country, no official census has been conducted since.[4]
- ↑ Other demonyms that have been used are Afghani,[9] Afghanese and Afghanistani (see Afghans for further details)[10]
- ↑ Afghanistan is a pure autocracy, with all law ultimately originating from the supreme leader. Consensus rule was initially used among the Taliban, but was phased out as the supreme leader monopolized control in the months following the 2021 return to power.[15][16][17] There is an advisory Leadership Council, however its role is in question as the supreme leader has not convened it for many months (as of မၢၶျ်ႉ 2023),[update] and increasingly rules by decree.[18]
ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်
[မႄးထတ်း | မႄးထတ်းငဝ်ႈငႃႇ]- ↑ "Document 77746". Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ↑ [[[:ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]
- ↑ မီးလွင်ႈၽိတ်းပိူင်ႈ : Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPopulation Matters - ↑ "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India. 23 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
- ↑ မီးလွင်ႈၽိတ်းပိူင်ႈ : Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPopulation 2021 - ↑ "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020". 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
- ↑ "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation". 14 August 2011. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
- ↑ Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 13 November 2007).
- ↑ Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
- ↑ Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151.
- ↑
- "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox" (December 2022). Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 9 (3): 383–401. doi:. ISSN 2347-7970. “Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.”
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.
- Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.
- "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.
- Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.
- ↑
- Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021). "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government". Radio Farda. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
- George, Susannah (18 February 2023). "Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ↑ T. S. Tirumurti (26 May 2022). "Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ↑ Kraemer, Thomas (27 November 2022). "Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government". JURIST. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ↑ Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023). "Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ↑ "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader" (10 March 2023). Expert Briefings oxan-db (oxan-db). doi:. “[Akhundzada] has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.”
- ↑ Central Statistics Office Afghanistan
- ↑ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24". United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ↑ (15 December 2020) Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. United Nations Development Programme, 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5.
- ↑ "Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones". timeanddate.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ↑ "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily. 26 March 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.